A paid police education

Petter Löberg (S)

Madam Speaker! I would like to begin by moving for the approval of the proposal in the report.

Sweden needs more police – that is the fact. That is the starting point for this matter. But let us be precise about what it actually means, because it is not just about the number of employees on paper or a total figure on the bottom line. Sweden needs more police that people meet, police in outer service and not least police in local police areas, which we have talked about many times – police who build personal knowledge, prevent crime, investigate crime and are part of restoring the local presence where society has many times withdrawn.

People do not judge the state by how well-formulated goals we in this chamber have, but they judge the state by whether a police officer arrives when they call, if there is someone to turn to in a vulnerable situation, and if society is present before the gangs are the only ones who are present.

It is against this background that the proposal should be seen. It is somewhat special. The proposal implies, among other things, that student loans for the police training can be written off successively for those who undergo the training and serve as police officers. That is fundamentally what the report is about, and it is good. There are many technicalities otherwise.

We must not pretend that this is uncomplicated. It is a departure from a principled position where one generally finances their studies within the framework of the world's most generous education systems. There is no other country in the world where you even get paid if you study, and in that regard, Sweden stands out. It is something we are very proud of.

Here, one goes a step further and shall also pay people a salary during the training, and we believe that this can be done in this case. We are also well aware that there are many professions where the recruitment needs are large, where the training requires time, loans and personal responsibility, and where the profession itself upholds welfare and security. These are nurses, teachers and social workers. There are plenty of professions where there is a shortage today but where one still finances one's studies in a traditional way.

When the state now intervenes and in practice makes the police training paid, it must be seen as a deliberate exception, not as a new general principle that certain educations should be free from student loans while others are not.

There are three main factors that make police training in particular somewhat special, especially given the major challenges that currently exist in the body of society.

The first is that the police carry the state's ultimate powers of violence and coercion on their shoulders. A police officer has a special function. One must be able to intervene in people's freedom, use coercion, carry weapons, arrest, detain, and make incredibly fast decisions where the legitimacy of the rule of law is to be exercised and tested. Therefore, the path into the profession is not just a matter of education. It is also a matter of the state's ability to recruit the best to uphold democracy's perhaps most sensitive mission. The police profession is not just any profession.

The second is that the police profession involves a particular personal risk and vulnerability. In their daily lives, police officers encounter violence and threats, organized crime, and "lirare" [thugs] whom one does not want to meet in a dark alley, as it is commonly said. This entails psychological pressure for the individual police officer. Nowadays, it also concerns mapping and influence in various ways. This also applies to relatives – and police students. This is a special group for these reasons. Police officers act in their professional role in an environment that is very special.

The third factor is that society's need for police is acute. Now, there is a high demand for police training. In Borås, where I come from, we have a fantastic training program with an enormously high demand. We train and deliver police candidates on an assembly line in a way that we are incredibly proud of. But we cannot end up in a situation, given the challenges we have, where we have a police shortage. We still have certain police areas where staffing is not fully complete.

It is clear given the challenges that we say we can test this proposal here. It is an anomaly, certainly. But sometimes one needs to take special measures, and that is what we intend to do.

With a few brief words, I want to wish you a happy summer. Member Damsgaard was very generous about how fine and good we are. But we all have our faults and shortcomings, and we have to work on those during the summer. Then perhaps we will see each other here, those of us who are re-elected, a bit further ahead.

(Applause)

The speech at riksdagen.se, in Swedish (opens in a new tab)

Fredrik Kärrholm (M)

Madam Speaker! We here in this chamber agree on a few things.

One of the things is that we have a major problem with serious organized crime and system-threatening crime. We also agree that more police are needed to combat this crime, and we agree that we are to have good police.

Part of this is that all police officers are security cleared. There is a long row of other civil service positions in the state and the public sector that are judged as security-sensitive, where everyone who is employed is security cleared.

But what has now happened in Botkyrka perhaps raises the question of how thorough the Social Democrats think one should be with this. We have seen how a municipal council member in Botkyrka was nominated by a faction of grossly criminal individuals. The same gang has now supported a parliamentary candidate who is in an electable position.

These are circumstances that would have meant that one would not have passed a security clearance if one had applied to the police, so my question to the member is: Do the Social Democrats, given their own internal security thinking, believe that too high requirements are set in the security clearances for applicants to, for example, the police training?

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ANDRE VICE TALMANNEN

I am a bit doubtful as to whether this is truly within the scope of the report, without having read the entire report for that matter. It is a bit on the borderline.

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Petter Löberg (S)

Madam Speaker! Yes, Member Kärrholm probably used the biggest shoehorn in the history of the Riksdag to get the question of an internal struggle within the Social Democrats in Botkyrka from a number of years ago into the debate on a paid police training. How does he reconcile that?

I know that you are desperate on every possible level now, and I understand that. Instead of talking about who will take whom after the election and asking about internal conflicts in a municipality in Sweden at some point – I am not particularly well-versed in that – I think you should knock on doors and talk about your own politics. It will not be that fun, because those out there do not have any particularly high trust in you. That is what I have discovered when I have knocked on a couple of hundred doors.

This Botkyrka story hardly belongs within the framework of this committee report, I would argue. Of course, we must have good security screenings. Of course, we must ensure that things are handled professionally. That is what we have always done, and that is what we will continue to do.

The speech at riksdagen.se, in Swedish (opens in a new tab)

Fredrik Kärrholm (M)

Madam Speaker! Applicants to the police training need to undergo a security screening. It is a very relevant aspect of the possibility of admitting police students, who we are now in agreement shall increase in number. A paid police training aims for us to get more police students.

We have more applicants to the police training than ever. We are training more police officers than ever, over 2,000 police officers per year. It needs to increase further, and we agree that a paid police training is important to attract the best and even more applicants.

It is relevant to the purpose of the report that a major obstacle to admission to the police training is the security screening. Therefore, it was relevant to ask the Social Democrats how they view that issue. But I did not perceive that I received an answer, so I shall simply have to settle for the non-answer.

The speech at riksdagen.se, in Swedish (opens in a new tab)

Petter Löberg (S)

Madam Speaker! It was good that Kärrholm stuck to the subject, at least more or less.

I can say that I am very happy that there are almost 20 applicants per position for the police training, at least in some admission years. In some teacher training programs, there can be 20 places per applicant, and that is actually an even greater problem for the body of society in the longer term.

We have huge recruitment needs within care and other sectors, and given how you speak and at any cost want to throw out the Swedes who are established here, that recruitment will become an even bigger problem in the future. We need to become more in Sweden. We need more who want to have children. We need to take care of the Swedes who have come to our country and behave correctly, who are being targeted with a sharp edge today. It is very problematic.

When it comes to police training, I see that we have a fairly good recruitment. I hope that this proposal implies a reinforcement of that trend so that we get even more applicants. I look forward with confidence to us getting a reinforced and more competent police force in the future.

(Applause)

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Mats Hellhoff (SD)

Madam Speaker! Finally! I am not saying that just because all parties are in agreement for once, but mostly because no one will now have to refrain from training to become a police officer for economic reasons.

But that is not the only reason for this reform. More visible and locally present police officers are needed throughout the country. Recruitment to the police profession must be strengthened. The number of those who undergo and complete the police training must increase. It is important that those who are employed by the Police Authority also remain in service for a longer period.

A paid police education can be seen as a necessary societal priority, and given the situation in which society finds itself, it is important that the Police Authority receives the conditions required to strengthen its crime-fighting capacity.

Madam Speaker! When I myself applied to the police an eternity ago, a contributing reason was that I received pay during the training. I received more or less on the penny as much – or rather as little – as I had in the simple industrial job I had before. It was not a high salary, but it was fully sufficient to provide economic security.

In the 1990s this was changed, partly so that the education would be harmonized with other higher education programs – the police education became a higher education program in 1984. What impact the removal has had on recruitment and completion of the education, we will have to content ourselves with speculating about.

Now that all parties have formed a queue to praise this proposal, and possibly in some cases also take credit for its implementation, I would like to take the opportunity to perform a bit of public reading from a motion with the heading A paid police training:

"More police do not only require more training places. If the places that exist at the police training centers around the country are to be filled, the incentives to seek out the profession must increase. Police training should therefore be partially financed by the state. Such an arrangement gives people the opportunity to train for a profession whose purpose is to guarantee everyone's safety without indebting themselves for life. It should be investigated exactly how such a financed education should be designed, but the starting point should lie in a continuous, proportional write-off of student loans as the police work at Polismyndigheten after completed training. The investigation should, however, be open to other ways to achieve economic incentives to train as a police officer if these can either be shown to increase the incentives or burden the public finances to a lesser extent."

This was from a motion by the Sverigedemokraterna from 2019. So it took its little time before this proposal became reality. Perseverance and patience pay off, and it matters who you vote for.

I vote in favor of the proposal in the committee's report.

The speech at riksdagen.se, in Swedish (opens in a new tab)

Fredrik Kärrholm (M)

Madam Speaker! A record number of young men and women are applying for police training, and a record number of new police officers are being trained. We are now training more than 2,000 police officers every year, and the number is to increase further. Citizens must be able to trust that the police will come when needed, that crimes are investigated, and that law-abiding people are protected. The goal is, in a first step, that we shall have a police density that corresponds to the average in the EU.

Madam Speaker! During this parliamentary term, we have implemented major reforms to push back serious organized crime. Penalties have been toughened, the police's powers have been strengthened, and more criminals are arrested, detained, and sentenced.

However, all of our legislation needs to be put into practice. Therefore, we need more police officers, and therefore a paid police education is important. Despite a record number of applicants to the police education, we want to attract even more competent people to ensure that we in Sweden have the world's best police.

With the government's proposal, student loans for the police training can be written off for those who serve as a police officer after the training. Those who serve for at least three years can begin to qualify for a write-off, and those who serve during an eight-year framework period will have the entire loan written off.

This is a very wise arrangement. It rewards not only those who begin the training but also those who stay. The reform thus strengthens both recruitment and perseverance in the Swedish Police Authority and the Security Service.

The proposal is also practically designed. The student loan should not need to be repaid during the period the individual qualifies for the write-off. The person covered shall therefore not first pay in money to later receive it back. It would create unnecessary administration and reduce the reform's impact.

Madam Speaker! It is also important to note that this bill contains strengthened confidentiality protection for information regarding police students and police employees. This is very important.

This reform strengthens the position of the police force and makes it more attractive to apply to the police. This increases the chance that more will remain in service, and it contributes to Sweden obtaining the police density required for us to continue the offensive against crime. More police across the country means more presence, that more crimes can be prevented, faster interventions, more investigations, and greater security for honest citizens. This is the state's most fundamental responsibility.

I want to address all the country's police officers directly from the speaker's rostrum here in the Riksdag. You do a job that few people fully see. Every day you encounter the underside of society. You work while others sleep, celebrate, and vacation. You go in where others back away. You resolve conflicts, set things right, help, and protect. You encounter violence, threats, and humiliation but are still expected to remain calm. You handle a complicated legislation but are expected to make split-second decisions.

In everyday life you can never expect a thank you, but I want to say: Thank you for your work! For your work you deserve not only everyone's gratitude but also better conditions and more colleagues.

I want all police officers and police students in Sweden to know that I and the Moderaterna will continue to work to give you better conditions to carry out your important mission.

I therefore move that the proposition be approved.

(Applause)

The speech at riksdagen.se, in Swedish (opens in a new tab)

Gudrun Nordborg (V)

Madam Speaker! It is easy to say yes to this reform regarding paid police training, even if it is not entirely self-evident. The objectives, however, are extremely important to mark.

So, the aim is that the police training should be paid for. The Central Student Aid Board shall gradually write off borrowers' student debts, and this shall both strengthen recruitment to the police profession and retain trained police officers in the profession. Here, the construction is that, as a result of the gradual write-off, one is essentially clear of their student debts if one has worked as a police officer for eight years.

What I also find exciting is that a measure has been taken with a positive retroactive effect. This does not only apply to the police officers who complete their training after the reform enters into force, but it is allowed to have effect from and including August 1, 2024. An ongoing police training can therefore also be covered by this.

It is also important that we stimulate so that people have the opportunity to establish themselves in several places in the country. Hopefully, this will also mean that people might land and stay somewhat near their place of education, regardless of whether it is in the north or in the south or in the middle of the country.

This also raises a number of questions about equal treatment. Do we have other professions that are also shortage occupations and are socially essential in an important way that will be able to demand similar reforms? We violate certain principles here by the state stepping in and protecting a certain education. I do, however, think there are good arguments for this because the police are socially essential and extremely important in their democratic function. This means that we still need to make concessions.

I would also like to point out that this is something that should increase safety in society and that we perhaps should invest even more in ensuring a good recruitment of skilled and competent police officers.

We in Vänsterpartiet have long motioned that police training should be a higher education that gives those who choose to become police officers an academic degree. Steps are being taken here by having some colleges and universities provide university credits for certain courses that one can use to supplement their training.

Many, including trade union representatives, however, argue that it would be valuable to increase the attractiveness and thus the willingness to train to become a police officer by ensuring that those who do so receive an academic basic degree. Then one could perhaps even proceed and, in some cases, become a researcher. Even those who return to or enter a regular police function might perhaps have better prerequisites to skillfully use upcoming research and new methods.

This is, therefore, a perspective that I believe we should maintain and try to further develop.

Something that also occupies a part of my time, among other things after contacts with various union representatives within the police, is that one has very different working conditions and living conditions depending on where in the country one is placed. If you end up in rural areas, you get certain tasks, which can be challenging in their own way, and if you end up in the big city of Stockholm, you get very many assignments that are specifically linked to the capital. This requires, among other things, interventions in connection with galas, state visits, and much more.

Regardless of this, I think it is important, as some have already done from the rostrum, to point out that as a police officer, one is subject to a considerable psychological pressure and stress. We often neglect to mention that we as citizens are very dependent on the police receiving support to handle their vulnerability.

Vulnerability can vary in different ways: It can involve being confronted by gangs, but it can also involve being confronted by the effects of minor crimes that affect individuals. For example, frauds are sometimes linked to gang crime but sometimes to "ordinary" crime, and the same applies to burglaries and so on. There, as a police officer, one very often meets people in grief and despair.

Something else I want to bring up is that we live under different living conditions. Police officers in Stockholm will face very high costs for housing and other necessities. It takes a larger portion of the salary than for police officers in the rest of the country. Representatives for the City of Stockholm and the police have argued that we as politicians must pay attention to this difference, which means that police officers who might actually want to continue working in Stockholm do not really have the means to do so if they start a family and need a larger apartment and other things.

Here comes our other social policy. What do we do to build reasonably affordable housing? What welfare measures do we make that mean families can get help, for example, in connection with the children arriving?

This is a first important step so that during the coming years we will achieve a democratic and good order in the police training and have more people in service in the important police function.

With that, I thank colleagues, chancellery staff, and everyone else who has supported our parliamentary work during this mandate period. Thank you, everyone! I wish you a lovely Midsummer and a wonderful summer.

The speech at riksdagen.se, in Swedish (opens in a new tab)

Daniel Bäckström (C)

Madam Speaker! The police have an important and often decisive role in the work of creating, and also restoring, safety for all of us across our country. I want to take this opportunity to extend a warm thank you to all both police officers and police employees for the efforts they make around the clock, daily, every year. A warm thank you!

We Center Party members have stood behind the historically large and much-needed resource increases for the Swedish police that are now being realized. The appropriations have increased from 32 billion a year in 2022 to today's 48 billion. It is an increase of approximately 50 percent, and the expansion is very necessary. Crime is far too serious, and the consequences for individuals and for society are far too great for us to be able to stand still. We must do more.

It is against that background that we today debate the Committee on Justice's report on a paid police education. The Centre Party supports the proposal and welcomes the government bill. Making the police education paid by writing off the student loan for those who have completed the education and remain in service is a wise and well-targeted measure. This tax-free write-off strengthens recruitment and increases the incentives to remain in the profession. It is also a clear message that society values those who choose to commit to the path of the police profession.

Madam Speaker! It is not just about more police officers. It is not solely the number that determines how safe our country is, but rather what the police can do, where they are located, and whether they have the conditions to carry out their mission.

The Swedish National Audit Office recently presented a report on the admission to the police training, and it was no pleasant reading. The Swedish National Audit Office states that it is not ensured that the admission process selects the most suitable candidates. There is also a lack of a comprehensive analysis of what the profession actually entails and requires and what profile of requirements one should have. This is a very important observation but also a serious criticism. The right profile, the right competence, and the right selection are, after all, the fundamental cornerstone of everything.

We have today a reality where approximately half of the country's police officers have been in service for less than ten years. In the statistics, we can see that a police officer may have been employed for 40 years and thus have experience from those 40 years, while others may have been employed for only a few months. This large variation has effects and affects how the tasks are performed.

Crime has also changed. In addition to quantity crimes and violent crimes, advanced digital crimes, internationally organized crime, and complex economic schemes are now being handled. Furthermore, we have a security policy situation with a gray zone issue and quite large challenges linked to total defense that are also to be handled by these agencies. This places ever higher demands on both knowledge and capability.

Centerpartiet argues that quantitative goals, that is, goals regarding the number of police officers, must be complemented with quality goals, that is, goals that measure the police force's actual capabilities. This places a great responsibility on both the current government and future governments to ensure that the content of the training and the selection criteria are maintained at a high and purposeful level – not least when the training volumes increase to the extent that is currently occurring.

Madam Speaker! The police have formulated the vision "We make all of Sweden safe and secure." As a member of the Centre Party, I want to particularly emphasize "all of Sweden" in today's debate. We have long been able to see that in certain regions it is difficult to recruit for police activities and to achieve long-term stability, with competence that is developed locally and with local knowledge. There are huge challenges here. The country faces, and will also continue to face in the future, a major competence challenge.

We see today how police reception desks are closing all over the country, not least in the countryside. The population meets this and is informed that the possibility of physically visiting the police during fixed opening hours is disappearing. It is also in the countryside and in smaller municipalities that it is difficult to recruit police officers. With high staff turnover and many times temporary placements, these areas around the country often have poorer police presence.

This is deeply problematic. An accessible and physically present police force builds the trust that is crucial for preventing and investigating crimes. The relationship between residents and the police can be completely decisive for how one describes their own situation and what they may be exposed to at home, or when one has observed something that needs to be reported and which can facilitate the police's work in solving a crime.

Madam Speaker! In our budget motions, we have presented proposals for a police guarantee. The guarantee concerns police presence in the country's 290 municipalities – not in principle, but because accessibility creates safety and because the feeling that the police are there when needed must be equal throughout the entire country. Paid police training releases these resources. The recruitment that this enables must not only lead to more police officers but must also lead to more police officers with high competence and presence throughout the entire country.

Centerpartiet moves for approval of the proposal in the report. I would also like to take this opportunity to extend a warm thank you for the parliamentary term so far. I wish the Speaker and the members a very pleasant rest of the summer.

(Applause)

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Torsten Elofsson (KD)

Madam Speaker! A few months ago, we debated here in the chamber the Swedish National Audit Office's report on the current police training. It was a substantial report. As a previous speaker mentioned, it was also a critical report where harsh criticism was directed at the current training. What we are going to debate today has a connection to this. The question concerns whether the training should be paid. I would like to initially move for approval of the proposal in the committee report.

I am, however, of the opinion that this is a somewhat odd solution that raises questions about other vocational educations that have set similar requirements. For that reason, there is reason to dwell a bit on the forms for a future police education.

If we go back a bit, we can see that the police's recruitment and training have changed over time – in step with societal development, one could say. After the nationalization in 1965, an applicant was employed and received their training at the state police school in Stockholm, which formed part of the then Rikspolisstyrelsen. A salary was paid during the training, and the selection process took place at the county level. A one-year theoretical education was followed by two years of practical service – one year in a criminal department and one year in an order department.

Today it looks a bit different. Several authorities are involved in the recruitment, admission, and training of police officers. It is the Swedish Police Authority that is the employer and the Swedish Authority for Defence Investigations (Plikt- och prövningsverket) that tests applicants. A number of universities have police training as a commissioned training.

Overall, it can be questioned whether it is worthwhile to place the police training at a number of universities. Comparable agencies such as Tullverket, Kustbevakningen and Försvarsmakten have recruitment and employment routines based on paid training once a person is employed. This is also consistent in countries that are comparable to Sweden – one is employed, trained and paid during the time the training takes place.

I would rather that the police, in like manner with the defense, have their own university with responsibility for admission, education, and research within the area of order and security. It can gladly be located outside but have the Police Authority as the principal. The focus should lie on vocational training rather than on academic education, even though the latter naturally is also required in certain parts of police work. The Police University can then be an academy with responsibility for both basic training as well as specialist and leadership training. With that model, we can get a defense university focused on the nation's external security and a police university with a focus on the nation's internal security, both of which conduct research within their respective areas.

Madam Speaker! Based on my own experiences, I am of the opinion that the education, as well as the recruitment, must become more operationally adapted. The police profession spans a broad area with different requirements for competence, but it must include a basic basic training and practical service for everyone.

In summary, Madam Speaker, I am of the opinion that there are better solutions than those now proposed for the future funding of police training. However, in anticipation of a return to employment with paid training in the form of salary, I see the proposal in the report as an appropriate transition to a paid police training at a future dedicated police academy.

I would also like to take this opportunity to wish all those present and the Speaker's chair a happy Midsummer. We will see each other in the committee a bit later this summer, and we will also have a debate in August. The parliamentary year is therefore not over for everyone.

(Applause)

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Martin Melin (L)

Madam Speaker! On 14 January 1991, I began my police training at the Police Academy, which at that time was located in Sörentorp in Solna. At that time, this meant that I—from day one—was employed by and paid by the Police Authority. The monthly salary was approximately 10,000 kronor, which in today's monetary value corresponds to approximately 20,000 kronor. The training was three years long—one did one year at the school, one and a half years of internship, and finally another half year at the school. Today's training is two years.

During the time when one was out on an internship – the so-called aspirant – one was also paid for inconvenient working hours. That corresponded to approximately 4,000 kronor per month in today's monetary value.

This meant that as a 24-year-old, I could finance my life. I did not need to take any student loans during the three years I was studying. The then Social Democratic government, under Göran Persson's leadership, however, decided that police officers should no longer receive paid education, and in 1998 this was removed. Those who wanted to train to become police officers then had to take student loans or work extra.

For a young person at the beginning of their professional career, it works to take out student loans and live simply. If the person who wants to retrain as a police officer is in the middle of life, and perhaps has a family and expensive housing loans, it becomes more difficult.

Bringing in people with a different professional background to the Swedish Police Authority is competence-enhancing for the agency. This becomes more difficult if the training is not paid.

But now we have a government that understands this. Two years ago, I posed a question to the Minister for Justice during the question period in the Riksdag about how we would handle the paid training. He answered then that it would be looked into. Now we see it – this afternoon we will vote through a concrete proposal to have a paid police training in Sweden again.

Madam Speaker! We have already heard in the debate how this will work technically, so I will not go into that. But I want to take the opportunity to briefly mention what I think should be the next step in making police work more efficient when it comes to pay.

Sweden today has more police per capita than it had previously, at least over the last 30 years. We have more training places than before, and more fully trained police officers graduate from the training centers per year. Despite this, the number of police in Stockholm is decreasing. If we exclude Region Stockholm, the police density has increased by an average of 23 percent in Sweden. In Stockholm, it has decreased by 4 percent.

Furthermore, the police in Stockholm, in addition to the regular police work, have many officers – 20–25 percent, it is estimated – who are occupied with assignments linked to the capital's problems and everything that happens here. It is a matter of public events, public gatherings, guarding of embassies, guarding of the Riksdag and the government, district court guards, incoming foreign visits and so on – plus organized crime that definitely does not rest. Therefore, the core activities suffer. This means that the police in Stockholm can work in a problem-oriented and crime-preventive manner to an all too small extent. The investigations cannot have the same focus as in other regions in Sweden.

Therefore, something needs to be done to attract police officers who want to work in Stockholm, preferably experienced police officers. Simply adding new recruits is not the solution. The recruits need instructors and mentors, and these are taken from regular operations, which in this way are depleted even further.

When I applied for the police training in 1991, they specifically sought police officers who wanted to work in Stockholm. At that time, they had something called the Stockholm allowance. It was an extra sum that all police officers who worked in Stockholm received. The purpose was precisely to entice police officers to want to work in the capital. It actually worked. The number of police officers in Stockholm increased, and during the late 80s and early 90s, we had more police officers per capita in Stockholm than in the rest of the country.

Madam Speaker! I hope that the government in the next mandate period takes this into account in its budget for the Swedish Police Authority and that a salary supplement can be introduced for the police officers in Stockholm. The proposal from the local trade union is 5,000 kronor per month and per officer. It would make a difference for the individual officer and for the work that the police officers in Stockholm do. We would see more police officers on our streets, increased safety, and reduced crime.

The deliberation was hereby concluded.

(Decisions were made under § 18.)

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