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Search everything said in the debates of the Swedish Riksdag

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Gudrun Nordborg (V)

Substitute member · 203 speeches in 101 debates since 19 October 2022

What Gudrun Nordborg has said in the chamber of the Swedish Riksdag, debate by debate. The lines under each debate sum up a speech; they are written and translated by AI in advance and may contain errors, so check against the speech.

Kammarkoll has the Riksdag's speeches from 26 September 2022 onwards; older debates are not included.

  1. Lowering criminal responsibility age to 14 for young offenders

    Skärpta regler för unga lagöverträdare · 13 August 2026

    • Demands the rejection of the government's proposal to lower the age of criminal responsibility to 14 years. Argues that children under 15 lack maturity and instead advocates for reinforced efforts within closed youth care, preventive work, and trauma treatment. Read the speech
    • Reacts to the accusations in the previous speech. Wants to combat serious crime by investing in Sis and preventive activities instead of putting children in prison. Also advocates for police measures, cooperation, and activities that give young people hope for a better life. Read the speech
    • Argues that the previous statements were gross exaggerations and not relevant to her or the party. Claims that structural problems such as misogyny and racialization exist in society and in all professional groups. Denies that she hates police officers. Read the speech
    • Questions about decisions can be based on research and proven experience. Argues that relatives of those killed by violence often do not want a lowered age of criminal responsibility and instead advocate for reforms of Sis, investments in schools and better care. Read the speech
    • Asks why Sis has a resource shortage and argues that it is due to incorrect resource distribution. Proposes that resources from Kriminalvården be moved to Sis to improve preventive work and strengthen the crime victim perspective. Read the speech
  2. Sexual abuse in correctional services and justice policy

    Svar på interpellation 2025/26:557 om sexuella övergrepp i kriminalvården · 11 August 2026

    • Criticizes that the Minister for Justice's answer is not sufficiently reassuring. Argues that lack of premises, inexperienced staff and delays in execution plans create gaps in the system that can lead to violence and abuse. Asks whether double-housing is purposeful for those detained or only for economic reasons. Read the speech
    • Asks how abuses in locked rooms can be curbed and what opportunities exist to raise the alarm. Also asks what routines exist for suspected abuses as well as how the victims receive protection and treatment. Criticizes that the analysis of the problems seems to have come late. Read the speech
    • Argues that it is necessary to work skillfully with the questions. Asks how risk assessments are conducted for persons convicted of serious sexual offenses when placed in double cells and wants to follow the development in Kriminalvården's upcoming report. Read the speech
  3. Paid police education to improve recruitment and student loans

    En betald polisutbildning · 17 June 2026

    • Welcomes paid police training and student loan forgiveness to strengthen recruitment and retain staff in the profession. Argues that the training should provide an academic degree to increase attractiveness and wants to highlight the police's psychological pressure as well as the need for reasonable housing. Read the speech
  4. Security threats: SD and M call for tougher laws against V

    Stärkt skydd mot utlänningar som utgör kvalificerade säkerhetshot · 17 June 2026

    • Move to reject the proposal. Argues that current legislation is sufficiently repressive and that protection against security threats must not occur at the expense of the principles of the rule of law, proportionality, or the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Read the speech
    • Argues that rule of law principles are important and that the bill is an example of when they are betrayed. Claims that the Left Party's restrictive line on the defense issue is based on a belief in early interventions. Read the speech
    • Argues that what happens after the election depends on the outcome of the vote. Emphasizes that it is about negotiating priorities and compromises based on positions of strength. Read the speech
  5. Online crime recruitment: proposal for faster tools and laws

    Nya möjligheter att bekämpa onlinerekrytering · 17 June 2026

    • Supports the government's proposal to counter online recruitment of children into crime. Proposes an evaluation within five years and emphasizes the need for social preventive measures against socioeconomic factors. Read the speech
  6. Crime victim compensation: SD, S, and M debate new rules

    Ersättningsregler med brottsoffret i fokus · 1 June 2026

    • Argues that it is not entirely correct to claim that the crime victim must hunt the perpetrator themselves. Wants an investigation to discover needs that are not covered in current legislation. Read the speech
    • Argues that a crime victim law requires double links to ensure that professions still have a responsibility to inform and support victims. Points out that crime injury compensation can sometimes be obtained even without a conviction. Read the speech
    • Supports the bill in large part but opposes the increased liability for guardians. Argues that the increase of the maximum amount should be avoided and proposes an investigation to improve the crime victim law. Read the speech
  7. Honor-related violence: harsher penalties and marriage laws

    Stärkt lagstiftning mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck · 25 May 2026

    • Supports the bill but emphasizes the importance of social competence and preventive work over legislation alone. Warns of the risks associated with secret coercive measures and emphasizes the need for increased cooperation between authorities to provide sufficient support to crime victims. Read the speech
  8. Police use of AI for real-time facial recognition debate

    Polisens användning av AI för ansiktsigenkänning i realtid · 25 May 2026

    • Proposes approval of reservation 2 to strengthen legal certainty. Argues that the technology should be used for serious crimes and requires that courts make decisions, that information remains with the police, that ongoing tests are carried out as well as that the use occurs within the EU AI Act. Read the speech
  9. Police powers for public gatherings: M, V, and L debate

    Stärkt säkerhet vid allmänna sammankomster och offentliga tillställningar · 18 May 2026

    • Proposes approval of the committee's proposal. Underlines that freedom of assembly is a democratic cornerstone and emphasizes the importance of limitations only occurring for necessary reasons. Argues that the police should engage in dialogue with organizers to find suitable alternatives in case of risks. Read the speech
  10. Psychological violence penal provision for women and children

    En särskild straffbestämmelse för psykiskt våld · 18 May 2026

    • Proposes approval of the bill and the reservation to cover all forms of conversion attempts. Argues that psychological violence is a continuous process that requires increased competence and clearer rules for prescription periods. Read the speech
  11. Housing construction, healthcare queues and gang sentences

    Frågestund · 7 May 2026

  12. Court process: SD, V, and M debate early interrogations

    En mer rättssäker och effektiv domstolsprocess · 6 May 2026

    • Proposes approval of reservation number 1. Argues that the principle of immediacy should be protected and wants to reject the proposal to expand the use of early interrogations. Likes the new confidentiality rules and wants to remove the exceptions. Read the speech
  13. Custodial sentences for youth: SD, V, C, KD debate responsibility

    Frihetsberövande påföljder för barn och unga · 6 May 2026

    • Wants a rejection of the government's proposal and argues that Kriminalvården lacks experience with children. Advocates that Sis should retain responsibility for closed youth care and wants to extend it from four to six years. Read the speech
    • Prioritizes closed youth care over imprisonment. Argues that young people should be separated from serious criminals to enable rehabilitation and that Sis can be improved by not mixing criminals with persons who need other types of interventions. Read the speech
    • Argues that it is the content of the activity, not the name, that is decisive for stopping youth crime. Advocates that Sis should retain the responsibility as they are better equipped for recidivism prevention work and social interventions than Kriminalvården. Read the speech
    • Argues that Sis is more successful with its interventions today, especially within the school system. Wants to keep Sis but reinforce it with conditional release through Kriminalvården to improve the transition out. Read the speech
    • Argues that the Prison and Probation Service has better possibilities for release but lacks experience with children. Wants to tighten the legislation regarding crimes against children and increase social services' interventions to protect children from violence in the home. Read the speech
  14. 2015 Police Reform evaluation: station closures and safety

    (forts. från § 8) Riksrevisionens rapport om Polisreformen 2015 (forts. JuU31) · 29 April 2026

    • Proposes approval of the committee's proposal. Argues that the government should focus on effects rather than the number of cases, criticizes the loss of local expertise during the reform and proposes a safety index for banks. Read the speech
  15. Digital healthcare, economy, energy, and immigration debate

    Statsministerns frågestund · 16 April 2026

    • Appreciate that the Prime Minister has created a council to combat men's violence against women. Ask if the Prime Minister, in his eagerness to lower taxes, also intends to dismiss the tax for women in prostitution. Read the speech
  16. Prison expansion and crime prevention debate in Riksdag

    Kriminalvårdsfrågor · 15 April 2026

    • Requests approval for reservation 4 and argues that more prison places for women were needed. Advocates for adapted parole programs for women, zero tolerance towards solitary confinement and more investment in preventive activities. Read the speech
  17. Police strategies: SD preventive work, S local presence, M crime

    Polisfrågor · 14 April 2026

    • Proposes approval of reservation 14 concerning violence against women. Criticizes the permit process for protected housing and argues that the police must prioritize crime scene investigations in the home, human trafficking as well as competence development and preventive work in schools. Read the speech
  18. Crime policy: SD wants lower age of responsibility and rape penalties

    Våldsbrott och brottsoffer · 25 March 2026

    • Motion to approve reservation 2 to strengthen the fight against human trafficking and prostitution. Wants the government to act more sharply against exploitation, that women in prostitution are granted victim status and that restraining orders focus on the perpetrator's geographical zone to protect the victim's freedom. Read the speech
  19. Security detention: New indeterminate custodial sentence

    Säkerhetsförvaring - en ny tidsobestämd frihetsberövande påföljd · 18 March 2026

    • Argues that the reform is long-awaited by the women's movement to protect against repeated serious crime. Argues that one should be vigilant regarding the concept of community protection and suggests that forensic psychiatric care or technology such as prevention shackles should be evaluated as alternatives. Finally takes a stand behind the government's proposition. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
    • Argues that the party does not have a reservation but a statement. Asks if forensic psychiatric care should be considered and suggests that the boundaries between prison and forensic psychiatric care be investigated. Read the speech
  20. Criminal liability for attempted and preparatory acts expanded

    Ett utvidgat straffansvar för försök, förberedelse och stämpling till brott · 25 February 2026

    • Proposes approval of the proposition. Argues that the reform makes it possible for authorities to exchange weapons or drugs for replicas and that expanded criminal liability for attempted offenses increases the possibility of gathering evidence. Criticizes that the proposal lacks clear gender perspectives and that women who are subjected to serious abuse should be included in the scope of application. Read the speech
  21. Electricity prices, housing, crime and migration policy

    Frågestund · 5 February 2026

    • Asks how the Minister for Justice will ensure that children with deviant behaviors become visible and receive crime-preventive interventions. This follows criticism of authorities for deficiencies in preventive work. Read the speech
  22. Procedural law and criminal policy: SD, S, and M debate

    Processrättsliga frågor · 4 February 2026

    • Wish to support reservation number 3 and advocate for a state right of first refusal for socially important properties. Argues that it is necessary to prevent criminal infiltration and money laundering. Read the speech
  23. Extended register checks for municipal employment proposals

    Utökade registerkontroller vid anställning i kommun · 28 January 2026

    • Supports the legislative proposals to prevent crime in the welfare sector and counter infiltration. However, expresses concern for rule of law principles such as the presumption of innocence and requests mandatory checks in regions as well as checks of staffing personnel and consultants. Read the speech
  24. Young offenders: SD wants age 13, M wants youth prisons

    Unga lagöverträdare · 21 January 2026

    • Argues that preventive work within social services and school must be resourced to function. Criticizes the establishment of children's prisons as Sis institutions have better conditions for school and treatment. Read the speech
    • Argues that imprisonment is not the only option and opposes a lowering of the age of criminal responsibility. Criticizes the government's one-sided focus on repressive measures and instead advocates for care forms and the development of Sis-homes. Read the speech
    • Wants to support reservation 6 to stop the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility. Criticizes the proposal for lacking research support, contradicting the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and ignoring massive criticism from experts and authorities. Read the speech
  25. Firearms regulation: hunting weapons and gang crime debate

    Vapenfrågor · 21 January 2026

    • Proposes approval of the reservation on recurring weapon amnesty. Argues that amnesties for illegal weapons, ammunition, and explosives reduce the number of weapons in society and prevent violence. Read the speech
    • Argues that the focus should not only be on criminal gangs. Wants amnesties to become continuous in order to remove objects that resemble weapons and can be used to intimidate or be destructive. Read the speech
    • Argues that the police should be granted the right to sort and determine what constitutes scrap. Wants society to be able to utilize the value of valuable weapons to generate income for preventive measures. Read the speech
  26. Police actions against women exploited in prostitution

    Svar på interpellation 2025/26:232 om polisens agerande mot kvinnor som utnyttjas i prostitution · 16 January 2026

    • Criticizes that women are not granted their right to a reflection period at the border police. Argues that respectful treatment and information are required to create trust and reach out to exploited women. Calls for more decisiveness and resource allocation in many agencies. Read the speech
    • Wants ambitions to be translated into practical action instead of one-off measures. Argues that women's and children's rights must be prioritized higher and suggests that social coordinators be strengthened. Criticizes that 14 million kronor is too small an amount to tackle the problem. Read the speech
    • Argues that the issues of prostitution and human trafficking must be structurally integrated into the system in order not to be deprioritized. Points out that gang crime and organized crime also include human trafficking and prostitution. Read the speech
  27. Crime policy, social reforms and economy: prison rental

    Frågestund · 25 September 2025

    • Asks whether it can now be guaranteed that Sweden will very soon have ankle bracelets with GPS functionality, as current ankle bracelets are not considered reliable by prosecutors. Read the speech
  28. Secret measures for children under 15 committing crimes

    Hemliga och preventiva tvångsmedel när barn under 15 år begår brott · 17 September 2025

    • Opposes the proposal on preventive coercive measures against children under 15 years old as it threatens the children's personal integrity and does not meet the requirements for legal certainty. Argues that the focus should be on preventive measures and demands that secret coercive measures may only be used in cases of suspicion of specific crimes. Read the speech
    • Wants the government to return with a more legally secure proposal. Argues that constitutional rules must not be bypassed and that one must wait until the municipalities can enforce the Social Services Act. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that the bill has not been subject to an investigation or referral process. Argues that the proposal is deficient in terms of legal certainty because it lacks a clear catalogue of crimes and is based on a strange construction. Read the speech
  29. International enforcement of criminal sentences and deportation

    Internationell verkställighet i brottmål · 20 May 2025

    • Asks for evidence for claims about increased crime. Argues that social preventive measures are more important than harsher punishments as research shows they have greater significance. Criticizes the government parties' narrow perspective and emphasizes the need for preventive activities. Read the speech
    • Argues that strong social interventions and dropout prevention activities are necessary. Criticizes the previous government's management of the welfare system and suggests that more police officers should patrol online to meet new challenges. Read the speech
    • Motion to approve reservation 1. Argues that the bill can facilitate the convict's social reintegration by expanding the possibilities for execution abroad. Wants consent to be required for prison sentences in other countries and that the consent shall be able to be revoked during the course of the process. Read the speech
    • Argues that the execution of criminal law should be assessed based on where it is best and most beneficial. Expresses concern about a large relocation to other countries' prisons and argues that there may be other grounds for foreigners to remain in Sweden. Read the speech
    • Argues that deportation is justified for persons who have committed serious crimes. Emphasizes that deportations shall occur based on fundamental values in a constitutional state with human rights. Read the speech
  30. Stricter penalties for sexual offenses, elderly fraud, hate crimes

    Skärpt syn på sexuella kränkningar, bedrägerier mot äldre och brott med kön som hatbrottsmotiv · 19 May 2025

    • Supports the report but moves for approval of reservation 8 to further sharpen the protection for 15–17-year-olds. Argues that fraud against the elderly is serious economic violence and wants the banks to take greater responsibility to limit payments. Wants to change the legal text to "purchase of sexual act" to include online acts. Read the speech
  31. Protection for public employees against violence and harassment

    Ett starkare skydd för offentliganställda mot våld, hot och trakasserier m.m. · 19 May 2025

    • Follows trade union voices to a greater extent and advocates for hiding personal names to curb harassment. Argues that criminal justice measures are not sufficient and emphasizes the importance of preventive work, a better working environment, and a budget to handle vulnerability. Read the speech
  32. Restraining orders for vulnerable persons: S, C, and M views

    Kontaktförbud - ett utökat skydd för utsatta personer · 19 May 2025

    • Supports the proposal and emphasizes that digital contacts also constitute a serious re-traumatization. Wants the protection area to be expanded, that children are given their own representatives and that the competence in the justice system be sharpened. Read the speech
    • Answers that suspicions can be strengthened through, for example, SMS or witness statements. Argues that one should be able to act in threatening situations and repeated persecutions without a conviction being required. Read the speech
    • Argues that the responsibility must not be placed on the victim and that people must work together to create a safer situation. Criticizes sharp requirements that could counteract previous reforms and emphasizes that prejudices must not prevail. Read the speech
  33. Crime, welfare, infrastructure and equality debate in Riksdag

    Frågestund · 15 May 2025

    • Asks what the Minister for Justice intends to do regarding the police's lack of violence competence. Argues that the report confirms criticism that has been voiced since the 80s and hopes that the problem is taken more seriously. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
  34. Secret coercive measures 2023: police tools and reporting

    Redovisning av användningen av hemliga tvångsmedel under 2023 · 15 May 2025

    • Criticizes the blunt reporting of secret coercive measures and argues that the investigation lacks parliamentary involvement. Wants to strengthen the Security and Integrity Protection Committee and requests more focus on preventive activities instead of surveillance. Read the speech
  35. Hunting weapons: SD and M want expansion, MP wants ban

    Vapenfrågor · 13 May 2025

    • Argues that the need to prevent crime outweighs individual rights to own weapons. Criticizes that semi-automatic weapons similar to the AR-15 are permitted for hunting, as the risks are considered disproportionately large in relation to the hunting advantages. Read the speech
  36. Criminal justice: SD and M want expansion and leasing abroad

    Kriminalvårdsfrågor · 29 April 2025

    • Criticizes that the current repressive policy is pushing the correctional services to the breaking point and creating overcrowding. Wants more resources for preventive activities and expanded use of ankle bracelets for less serious crimes. Read the speech
  37. Criminal law: rape of children, mafia law and tougher penalties

    Straffrättsliga frågor · 29 April 2025

    • Argues that research shows that stricter punishments are not effective in preventing crime. Claims that the risk of detection is what is decisive and asks if the opposing party has any comments on this. Read the speech
    • Claims that research is unanimous that longer sentences do not deter or discourage new crimes. Proposes a more nuanced view of the effects of punishment where long sentences are reserved for those who are dangerous and threatening. Read the speech
    • Proposes approval of the reservation to mark against psychological violence and controlling behavior. Criticizes that the government is delaying the legislation despite the memorandum being presented already in 2022. Read the speech
  38. Police resources, crime prevention and 10,000 new employees

    Polisfrågor · 24 April 2025

    • Proposes approval of reservation number 2 to strengthen the police's crime prevention work. Argues that crime prevention work is neglected and requires more resources, research, and cooperation. Criticizes the privatization of welfare and protected housing. Read the speech
    • Explains that the opposition to certain reforms is based on privacy considerations and legal principles. Argues that security zones should focus on social interventions and accepts that codes can be safety-enhancing for officials. Read the speech
    • Criticizes the security zones because they create anxiety and fear through searches without specific suspicion. Argues that the police must work in a way that creates trust and confidence, which has not been successful. Read the speech
  39. Violent crime and victim support: M, V, and S debate reforms

    Våldsbrott och brottsoffer · 24 April 2025

    • Argues that law reforms are not followed up with sufficient economic resources. Criticizes cuts in social services and limitations for the protected housing for the homeless. Wants to broaden the perspectives to ensure that the whole functions. Read the speech
    • Argues that the grants to the Crime Victims Fund are important for research and education. However, emphasizes the importance of reaching crime victims through duty services and asks how protected housing can be supported in a competent manner. Read the speech
    • Want the government to continue to commission inquiries to limit violence pornography and to implement already made inquiry proposals. Argues that the production of violence pornography means that women and children are exposed to violence and abuse. Read the speech
  40. Procedural law: prosecution, coercive measures and court org

    Processrättsliga frågor · 9 April 2025

    • Criticizes that the government is withdrawing opportunities for service centers, which is considered harmful from a democratic perspective. Argues that the recruitment of judges must be accelerated and that judges need more support to be relieved. Read the speech
    • Argues that the practice for digital presence varies too much and requires secure conditions by maintaining service centers. Wants to accelerate the recruitment of qualified lawyers to judicial positions and emphasizes the importance of protected premises. Read the speech
    • Argues that faster prosecution, legal aid, and video links promote legal certainty. Wants the state to maintain the service center, map private property owners with links to crime, and introduce control systems for ownership changes in the judiciary's premises. Read the speech
  41. Terrorism measures: harsher penalties, travel bans and schools

    Terrorism · 9 April 2025

    • Supports the committee's proposal but wants stronger preventive measures through schools. Argues that segregation and exclusion must be reduced and expresses concern that prisons constitute a breeding ground for radicalization. Read the speech
    • Argues that judicial review is required to ensure legal certainty in important matters. Explains that essential evidentiary requirements can be highlighted to enable a legally secure process for the suspect. Read the speech
    • Argues that Vänsterpartiet does not have a finished list of demands for a potential government cooperation. Leaves it open whether specific demands will be included in the list. Read the speech
    • Argues that Center against violence-promoting extremism should receive more financial support to strengthen the resources of municipalities and regions. Responds that nothing is decided regarding the list of demands for a future red-green government. Read the speech
    • Argues that revocation of citizenship is not necessarily one of the most important issues in future government negotiations. Is critical of constantly shrinking the opportunities for immigrants to stay in Sweden, but can imagine deportation in cases of very serious terror crimes. Read the speech
  42. Crime, climate and education: new sentencing and penalties

    Frågestund · 3 April 2025

    • Wants to problematize hate crimes against the Sámi and argues that there is a lack of legal protection for the reindeer herders that corresponds to their cultural value. Asks the Minister for Justice what measures are planned to combat hate crimes and racism against the Sámi. Read the speech
  43. Criminal statute of limitations: age 18 start and periods

    En modern straffrättslig preskriptionslagstiftning · 26 February 2025

    • Appreciates the report but moves for approval only to reservation 3. Criticizes the legislation's retroactive effect as it conflicts with the principle of legal certainty and argues that the calculation of the prescription period for young offenders hits them disproportionately hard. Read the speech
  44. Secret data interception: SD and M want permanent law

    Hemlig dataavläsning mot allvarliga brott · 26 February 2025

    • Proposes approval of reservation 1 and 7. Argues that secret data interception is necessary to combat organized crime, but criticizes the preventive use and the use of surplus information. Read the speech
  45. Information sharing from schools and social services to police

    Ökat informationsflöde till brottsbekämpningen · 26 February 2025

    • Argues that society should have a solidary system where children are monitored early. Asks why one wants to wait until it is too late and alert the police instead of caring as fellow human beings. Read the speech
    • Argues that the emphasis should lie on creating security in interpersonal relations rather than creating a surveillance society with extensive reporting. Asks what values the legislation should signal. Read the speech
    • Request rejection of the proposition. Criticizes that the proposal violates legal principles and threatens individuals' privacy. Argues that the requirement on principals is a broad reporting system that damages trust and can be counterproductive for the school. Read the speech
  46. Biometrics in crime fighting: SD, L, and MP debate use

    (forts. från § 7) Biometri i brottsbekämpningen (forts. JuU18) · 20 February 2025

    • Argues that it is problematic to focus on a specific group of perpetrators. Points out that perpetrators with a Swedish background are likely underrepresented in the unreported crime figures and questions whether these men are in the Swedish Migration Agency's registers. Read the speech
    • Argues that the focus on Migrationsverket's registers indicates structural racism. Wants the police to catch all perpetrators regardless of background, but emphasizes that many victims of rape know their perpetrators and that better treatment is crucial. Read the speech
  47. Biometrics in crime fighting: facial recognition and privacy

    Biometri i brottsbekämpningen · 20 February 2025

    • Wants the Riksdag to reject the legislative proposals on automated facial and fingerprint comparison in the Swedish Migration Agency's registers. Criticizes the government's proposal for being disproportionate and insecure regarding the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Argues that current legislation is outdated and that the use of registers in more serious crimes is reasonable with the right guarantees. Supports the use of DNA-based kinship methods in cold cases. Read the speech
  48. Young offenders: SD demands harsher penalties, S wants more resources

    Unga lagöverträdare · 20 February 2025

    • Questions about whether the member is satisfied with how today's efforts are functioning since staff within school and health and medical care lack sufficient resources and time to support students and families. Read the speech
    • Argues that the government is pushing the responsibility down onto the municipalities without providing sufficient resources. Asks what changes the member wishes to make moving forward. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that changed legislation within social services is an illusion if it does not create motivation for cooperation. Argues that legislation requires economic resources and staff to function and emphasizes the importance of early, general interventions. Read the speech
    • Argues that existing legislation should be used if it is combined with economic resources. Emphasizes the importance of early interventions within schools and healthcare as well as better integration for newcomers. Read the speech
    • Argues that the crime policy has failed to prevent crime and demands a radical change of course where the focus is shifted from increased penalties to preventive measures. Criticizes the government's communication for being too bureaucratic and requests investments in children's faith in the future. Read the speech
    • Argues that it is problematic to place the responsibility on single mothers when violence in the family is a driving factor. Asks what measures are proposed to curb violence inherited from bad role models. Read the speech
    • Argues that forms of violence are interconnected and that one must see the connections between different types of violence. Wants more support and investments to be made for single mothers to save the children. Read the speech
  49. Prison and Probation Service treatment and resource shortages

    Riksrevisionens rapport om Kriminalvårdens behandlingsverksamhet · 13 February 2025

    • Asks how the goal of 90 percent treatment willingness is to be reached and questions whether treatments can be forced since motivation is crucial for the effect. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
    • Asks how more treatment options should be achieved in a tight situation. Argues that expansion is not enough as premises for treatment and education are lacking and asks if high penalties should be curbed. Read the speech
    • Argues that treatment interventions must be prioritized higher. Asks if there are alternatives to imprisonment, such as serving parts of the sentence in freedom or other sanctions. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
    • Argues that the police should continue to arrest persons for serious crimes, but that for less serious crimes, other forms of treatment should be tested. Suggests that different means of influence should be combined and that convicted persons should be allowed to leave early to test a life in freedom under supervision. Read the speech
    • Argues that not all prison places are needed for serious crime and advocates for more alternatives to prison through treatment within social services. Emphasizes the importance of ensuring crime victims' needs for constructive changes and that perpetrators can be helped back into society. Read the speech
  50. CVE center mandates: S proposes 40 million SEK for prevention

    Nya uppgifter för centrum mot våldsbejakande extremism · 29 January 2025

    • Praises the center and considers the reform to be important. Argues that the center should become a contact point for authorities and assist in investigations of operations with links to violent extremism. Read the speech
  51. Sweden justice system: gang crime, mafia law and immigration

    Rättsväsendet · 5 December 2024

    • Argues that crime must be combated by reducing class inequalities and investing in welfare as well as preventing the recruitment of young people. Criticizes harsher punishments and visitation zones and suggests instead safety zones, a femicide package, investments against economic crime and increased legal aid compensation. Read the speech
  52. Sweden-Finland police cooperation in Tornedalen region

    Ett starkt polissamarbete i Tornedalsregionen · 26 November 2024

    • Argues that the cooperation is positive for rural areas and the fight against serious crime. However, wants a reservation that guarantees legal certainty and oversight through JO and JK. Read the speech
  53. Anonymous witnesses to combat gang crime proposal

    Anonyma vittnen · 26 November 2024

    • Proposes rejection of the proposition and approval of reservation 4 to investigate a strengthened personal security program. Criticizes the proposal as it risks legal certainty, has low evidentiary value, and can damage confidence in the justice system. Read the speech
  54. State protection of threatened persons: Riksrevisionen report

    Riksrevisionens rapport om statens skydd av hotade personer · 20 November 2024

    • Proposes approval of reservation number 1 to accelerate the reform of contact prohibitions. Criticizes the government's slowness and lack of commitment in the protection of women and children. Argues that there is a lack of competence among police, prosecutors, and courts. Points out that current contact prohibitions are often too short and that the technology for ankle bracelets is substandard. Wants the protection zones for contact prohibitions to be made larger and that women and children should be able to remain in their homes. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
    • Criticizes that the work on the supplementation could have been started earlier. Wants the reform work to continue at a rapid pace in order to protect women and children and to limit criminal gangs' opportunities to recruit young boys. Read the speech
  55. Healthcare, crime, energy and infrastructure debate in Riksdag

    Frågestund · 24 October 2024

    • Argues that the Economic Crime Authority conducts a very important operation with unique expertise to combat serious organized crime. Asks if the Minister for Justice is prepared to guarantee the authority's continued existence and operations. Read the speech
    • Expresses concern that the authority may be shut down and that the staff risk losing expertise in the event of a reorganization. Wants all expertise, especially regarding criminal actors, to be retained. Read the speech
  56. New forfeiture legislation to combat organized crime

    En ny förverkandelagstiftning · 2 October 2024

  57. Preventive measures for serious crimes: SD, V, and M debate

    Preventiva tvångsmedel för att förebygga och förhindra allvarliga brott · 15 June 2024

    • Moves to reject the proposition. Argues that the government's drastic measures risk creating a surveillance society where personal privacy and human rights are sidelined. Proposes a comprehensive review of the compulsory measures legislation before new proposals are submitted. Read the speech
  58. Social services legislation: M, S, and KD debate future work

    Socialtjänstens arbete · 15 June 2024

    • Requests approval of the reservation regarding maintenance support and wants concrete preventive measures against over-indebtedness. Criticizes that the social services must now make decisions on child placement in cases of violence and demands a violence competence to protect children. Read the speech
  59. Crime prevention: funding cuts, migration and social exclusion

    Barriärer mot brott - en socialpreventiv strategi mot kriminella nätverk och annan brottslighet · 12 June 2024

    • Is positive towards the social preventive strategy but argues that it should focus more on reducing class inequalities. Wants to strengthen welfare and resources for school and leisure and advocates for family centers and support for families instead of repressive measures. Read the speech
  60. Sweden's participation in European Public Prosecutor's Office

    Sveriges deltagande i Europeiska åklagarmyndigheten · 29 May 2024

    • Wish to vote in favor of the accession to Eppo to combat corruption. However, criticizes the transfer of power to the EU and the loss of Swedish oversight, the principle of public access, and poorer legal protection for individuals. Read the speech
  61. Detentions of security risks: tools for police and surveillance

    Bättre möjligheter att verkställa frihetsberövanden · 29 May 2024

    • Supports the government's proposal to use secret coercive measures against wanted persons. However, criticizes that these measures can be directed at persons who are not suspected of crimes and that prosecutors should be allowed to use surplus information without limitations. Wants the bill to be rejected regarding surveillance of outside persons and control of foreigners who have neglected their reporting obligation. Read the speech
    • Supports the main proposal to be able to prosecute escapees, but criticizes the use of surplus information without control. Argues that there are no time limits for the storage of information and demands legal safeguards. Read the speech
    • Argues that one must be vigilant and introduce control points to avoid subjecting the systems to unnecessary strain. Criticizes that blind trust is required when relatives who have not committed crimes can be drawn into the system. Read the speech
  62. EU roadmap for drug trafficking and organized crime debate

    EU:s färdplan för att bekämpa narkotikahandel och organiserad brottslighet · 15 May 2024

    • Argues that organized crime is a serious security threat and is primarily positive towards the commission's message. However, criticizes the wording about prosecuting entire networks and instead wants to focus on prosecuting individual persons. Read the speech
    • Asks whether the aid should be used to support intervention activities or to impose repressive conditions. Argues that preventive work is important and encourages further development of this. Read the speech
    • Asks whether one will punish an entire population by withdrawing aid. Argues that instead one should seek other ways for cooperation, for example by supporting parts of the population and reaching agreements on extradition. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
    • Argues that both crime prevention and repressive work must function effectively. Criticizes the government's one-sided focus and emphasizes that it is not enough to imprison individuals if new recruitment continues. Read the speech
  63. Police officer protection: SD and M support, V opposes

    Stärkt skydd för vissa polisanställda · 24 April 2024

    • Move to reject the proposition as the principle of public access and legal certainty risk being harmed. Argues that the proposal should be handled together with an ongoing investigation in order to create a complete picture. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
    • Argues that the two proposals should be handled together to include confidentiality protection for police officers' names. Criticizes that repressive measures can become counterproductive and emphasizes that the entire society must act together against crime. Read the speech
  64. Criminal law: sentencing scales, prison and crime types

    Straffrättsliga frågor · 22 April 2024

    • Proposes approval of reservation 4. Argues that psychological and economic violence should be criminalized to provide stronger protection for women and children. Criticizes that the government does not prioritize these reforms despite international commitments. Read the speech
  65. Correctional services expansion and overcrowding in Sweden

    Kriminalvårdsfrågor · 22 April 2024

    • Proposes approval of a broad review of the Prison and Probation Service's organization and operations. Criticizes that increased sentences and overcrowding have created a crisis where staff are leaving their positions and care efforts are hindered. Argues that the focus should be on care, rehabilitation, and preventive measures in society. Suggests that the possibility of parole with an ankle monitor should be increased or that short prison sentences be replaced with housing in halfway houses. Read the speech
  66. Violent crime and victims: SD, S, M debate safety and laws

    Våldsbrott och brottsoffer · 17 April 2024

    • Proposes approval of reservation number 3 to improve the work of the police and prosecutors regarding violence against women and children. Criticizes the government's policy and the lack of violence competence among authorities and suggests a review of the preliminary investigations to create a crime victim-adapted investigative activity. Read the speech
  67. National strategy against violent extremism and terrorism

    Nationell strategi mot våldsbejakande extremism och terrorism - förebygga, förhindra, skydda och hantera · 17 April 2024

    • Wish to support the reservation from Miljöpartiet and Socialdemokraterna. Argues that the emphasis must lie on preventing and managing structural obstacles. Criticizes that Quran burnings are not mentioned as a threat and warns that harsh penalties can become counterproductive. Read the speech
    • Proposes that the limit for when detainees can serve their sentence with an electronic tag be raised under certain conditions. Argues that this prevents detainees from ending up in environments that promote organized crime or terrorism. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that everything is blamed on immigrants and argues that society makes mistakes in how it receives them. Argues that Sweden needs immigrant labor to manage healthcare as well as the industrial expansion. Read the speech
  68. Security zones for organized crime: parties split on proposal

    Säkerhetszoner · 10 April 2024

    • Asks how resources shall realize the security zones and points out contradictions between the focus on searches and protection for residents. Criticizes the lack of protection against discrimination and points out the police's criticism of the proposal. Read the speech
    • Asks for measures for redress in cases of discrimination and requests clarification regarding resources and social measures. Criticizes that the government focuses unilaterally on identity checks instead of safety-creating measures in general. Read the speech
    • Move to reject the government's proposal as it risks damaging trust in the police and increasing discrimination. Propose instead safety zones with extra resources for school, social services and police to strengthen crime prevention work. Read the speech
    • Argues that Sweden has several alternatives to visitation zones, unlike Denmark. Emphasizes that crime-preventive social interventions are what effectively combat crime and asks why these interventions were not argued for in the Swedish proposition. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
  69. Act on Special Control of Certain Foreigners: SD, M, V debate

    2023 års redogörelse för tillämpningen av lagen om särskild kontroll av vissa utlänningar · 15 February 2024

    • Argues that legal certainty suffers due to a lack of transparency in processes regarding immigration control. Suggests that the decision-making power regarding deportation in all security cases should be transferred to the general administrative court. Read the speech
  70. Secret coercive measures 2022: privacy vs. state needs

    Redovisning av användningen av hemliga tvångsmedel under 2022 · 15 February 2024

    • Questions how far the development of secret coercive measures should go and warns of risks to legal certainty, proportionality, and a surveillance society. Argues that more crime-preventive measures are needed and that increased surveillance risks creating trust gaps and damaging democracy. Read the speech
  71. Sweden security debate on terrorism laws and deportations

    Terrorism · 14 February 2024

    • Emphasizes the importance of preventive work and highlights the efforts of Center against Violence-Promoting Extremism. Proposes that the center becomes an independent agency and argues that the activities strengthen human rights and democratic efforts. Read the speech
  72. Weapons legislation: M wants to abolish 5-year licenses

    Vapenfrågor · 14 February 2024

    • Support the reservation on recurring weapon amnesty and amnesty for explosives. Argue that these preventive measures reduce the number of illegal weapons in society and are necessary to limit violence. Read the speech
  73. Repayment obligation for criminals: M wants to double amounts

    Skärpt återbetalningsskyldighet i brottmål · 7 February 2024

    • Asks for an explanation regarding how the proposal strengthens the public finances. Argues that the proposal is a sign of class contempt that affects the economically vulnerable and questions the consequences of changing the limits of the Legal Aid Act. Read the speech
    • Criticizes the proposal as a top-down measure that affects economically vulnerable people. Argues that the state treasury should instead be strengthened through tax adjustments or preventive measures. Read the speech
    • Moves that the Riksdag rejects the government's proposal. Criticizes the proposal for affecting the economically vulnerable, risking violation of the European Convention, not necessarily providing a net gain for the state and potentially hindering reintegration into society. Read the speech
  74. Government responsibility, infrastructure, crime and economy

    Frågestund · 1 February 2024

    • Questions about conditional release become counterproductive in the context as the possibility of the benefit has previously functioned as a trigger to behave well and participate in treatment programs. Read the speech
    • Argues that it is meaningful that the convicted person can emerge as a changed person. Suggests that a lure should be introduced to undergo treatment in cases of violence against women, children and sexual offenses. Read the speech
  75. Preventive stay-away orders to combat gang crime

    Preventiva vistelseförbud · 24 January 2024

    • Proposes rejection of the proposal on preventive stay bans. Criticizes the legislation for being legally uncertain, difficult to implement, and risking discrimination, and argues that crime prevention work should instead focus on social interventions. Read the speech
    • Asks whether the legislation is a penalty or an administrative measure. Argues that research on the effects in Denmark and Norway is lacking and questions why not everyone should receive public legal aid. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that the loosely constructed legislation risks legal certainty and is difficult to apply. Argues that there is a class contempt in the government's approach since a public counsel is not offered to everyone. Read the speech
  76. Gang crime and justice system: SD, S, and V debate measures

    Rättsväsendet · 7 December 2023

    • Argues that equality and welfare initiatives are the best ways to prevent crime. Criticizes the government's and the Sverigedemokraternas policy for threatening democracy and the rule of law. Proposes initiatives on violence competence, a femicide package, emergency aid for women, and strengthened crime prevention work. Read the speech
  77. Freeze assets to counter terrorism financing and hate speech

    Ekonomiska sanktioner mot terrorism · 8 November 2023

    • Supports the bill in its entirety but opposes the weak evidentiary requirement for freezing assets. Argues that probable cause is required to ensure legal certainty and reduce the risk of incorrect decisions. Read the speech
  78. Government budget, crime policy, migration and social investments

    Frågestund · 5 October 2023

    • Asks how the minister can contribute to ensuring that the staff receive a safe and reasonable working environment due to worrying security situations and high staff turnover within the criminal justice system. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
  79. Foreign direct investment screening for Swedish security

    Ett granskningssystem för utländska direktinvesteringar till skydd för svenska säkerhetsintressen · 13 September 2023

  80. Secret coercive measures for serious crimes and gang crime

    Hemliga tvångsmedel - effektiva verktyg för att förhindra och utreda allvarliga brott · 13 September 2023

    • Proposes rejection of the government's proposal. Criticizes that the state is given too large tools and that the proposals create a worrying surveillance system with imprecise grounds. Argues that the legislation risks the principles of the rule of law and that evaluations should be awaited before new reforms are introduced. Read the speech
  81. Stricter penalties for crimes against journalists and staff

    Skärpt syn på brott mot journalister och vissa andra samhällsnyttiga funktioner · 19 June 2023

    • Requests rejection of the committee's proposal as the general sentencing increases are vague and difficult to apply. Argues that the focus should be on journalists, emergency medical personnel, and rescue personnel, and that resources and working environment issues are more important than solely criminal law measures. Read the speech
  82. Expanded police powers in border areas to combat crime

    Utökade polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden · 19 June 2023

    • Opposeses the bill and moves for its rejection. Criticizes that the proposal sets aside legal certainty, risks discrimination through ethnic profiling and lacks distinction between adults and children. Read the speech
    • Argues that one should trust existing systems. Criticizes the proposal as an enormous expansion of camera surveillance that affects everyone and warns that prejudices can affect officials. Read the speech
    • Argues that existing legal rules already enable sufficient control and crime prevention activities. Criticizes the proposal as unnecessary additions that undermine legal certainty and trust in the Swedish public system. Read the speech
  83. Security, welfare and immigration policy in PM's question time

    Statsministerns frågestund · 15 June 2023

    • Asks how the Prime Minister intends to prevent new recruitment to serious crime. Argues that stricter punishments are not enough and calls for a concerted effort against violence through urban planning, school, and support for families. Read the speech
  84. Security clearances for total defense obligation: M vs V

    Säkerhetsprövning av totalförsvarspliktiga m.m. · 31 May 2023

    • Accepts the need for security screenings for those subject to total defense duty. Argues that screenings after completed basic training are an infringement of privacy and should only occur in connection with periods of service. Moves for approval of the reservation and otherwise for the proposition. Read the speech
  85. Measures for children suspected of crimes: age and drug tests

    Förbättrade åtgärder när barn misstänks för brott · 24 May 2023

    • Wants the Riksdag to reject the proposal for more drug tests of children under 15 years of age. Argues that the burden of proof in serious crimes is important to clarify suspicions and proposes expanded preventive measures as well as that victim advocates shall be retained in the Court of Appeal. Read the speech
  86. National Board of Forensic Medicine handling of biological material

    Rättsmedicinalverkets hantering av humanbiologiskt material · 10 May 2023

    • Argues that the bill is positive as it introduces rules in a previously unregulated area. However, wants to delete passages that allow the police to request material without a court order as well as the wording regarding "extraordinary reasons" due to lack of preparation. Read the speech
  87. Terrorism and radicalization: root causes, borders and masculinity

    Terrorism · 10 May 2023

    • Proposes approval of reservation 3 regarding a national dropout program. Argues that masculinity and macho culture contribute to violent crimes and require preventive measures in schools rather than solely criminalization. Read the speech
  88. Stricter penalties for criminal networks: S, V, and SD debate

    Skärpta straff för brott i kriminella nätverk · 3 May 2023

    • Proposes a rejection of the committee report and criticizes the recurring sentencing increases as they have not reduced crime but instead make the system unmanageable. Argues that the government must focus on preventive work, reduce class inequalities and strengthen the customs service. Read the speech
  89. Terrorist organization penal provision: SD, V, and S debate

    En särskild straffbestämmelse för deltagande i en terroristorganisation · 3 May 2023

    • Move to reject the proposition as the proposal implies an over-criminalization and risks creating a surveillance society. Criticizes the unclear definitions which could affect peaceful movements and argues that the focus instead should lie on preventing criminal acts. Read the speech
    • Argues that preventive work is more important than merely increasing penalties. Argues that actions that do not involve violence or threats should not be criminalized, and that one should prevent children in terror environments in other ways than through punishment. Read the speech
    • Argues that penal legislation is not always the best way. Suggests instead that preventive work through welfare, schools and inclusion of all citizens is necessary to avoid people being lured into terrorism. Read the speech
  90. Police Authority activities and civilian staffing for crime

    (forts. från § 10) Polisfrågor (forts. JuU10) · 27 April 2023

    • Proposes that the government appoints a police commission to strengthen the Police Authority's capacity and competence in the face of complex challenges. Argues that class and gender are central factors behind crime and opposes the government's view that immigration causes violence. Read the speech
  91. Alcohol sales, migration, crime and child psychiatry debate

    Frågestund · 20 April 2023

  92. Young offenders: sentencing, youth prisons and school funding

    Unga lagöverträdare · 19 April 2023

    • Proposes approval of reservations regarding social intervention groups and an action plan for boys and men. Argues that preventive work requires good social planning, early interventions through cooperation between school and care, as well as greater opportunities for breaches of confidentiality. Criticizes the private schools' lack of cooperation and argues that poverty resulting from cuts makes children easier to lure into crime. Read the speech
  93. Violent crime: victim redress, harsher penalties and laws

    Våldsbrott och brottsoffer · 19 April 2023

    • Wants to establish a women's peace commission to counter male violence and strengthen the protection for women and children. Also proposes a victim's ombudsman linked to the Victim Authority to strengthen victims' rights. Read the speech
  94. Procedural law changes for crime and witness protection

    Processrättsliga frågor · 30 March 2023

    • Proposes approval of reservations regarding witness protection and the right to a victim's counsel. Argues that procedural law should be viewed from a crime victim's perspective and criticizes that direct dismissal, limitation of preliminary investigations, and omission of prosecution can constitute a betrayal of victims. Wants to reintroduce the right to a victim's counsel in the Court of Appeal as current rules give crime victims a negative experience and leave them alone. Read the speech
  95. Criminal law: tightening penalties and life sentences

    Straffrättsliga frågor · 15 March 2023

    • Argues that preventive measures and social investments are more important than stricter punishments to limit violence against men and gang crime. Wants disability to be introduced as a specific ground for hate crime and moves for approval of reservation 14. Read the speech
  96. Undue influence on democracy: criminal networks and foreign powers

    Särskild debatt om otillbörlig påverkan på demokratiska institutioner · 14 March 2023

    • Criticizes that the government discontinued the inquiry into prohibited influence and argues that such an inquiry would have provided more competent proposals. Argues that privatizations increase the scope for criminal influence and that the lack of transparency regarding the electricity price support violates rule-of-law principles. Read the speech
    • Expresses concern that civil servant responsibility may push down responsibility in the hierarchy. Asks if Brås' assignment to inventory infiltration is part of the ongoing work. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that the government's secret classifications create concern regarding the authorities' decision-making processes. Wants that responsibility is not pushed down the hierarchies without a reasonable distribution of responsibility being achieved and asks if Brå has received a mandate. Read the speech
    • Questions whether immigrants and an "Islamic poison" would account for the issues being discussed. Argues that one should be vigilant regarding unethical activities regardless of origin and suggests that religious free schools be abolished to stop illegal financing. Read the speech
    • Argues that immigrant skills are necessary to save the public sector and the business community. Criticizes previous statements that are perceived as racism and anti-Muslim tendencies. Read the speech
    • Read the speech
  97. Secret coercive measures and privacy for gang crime fighting

    Svar på interpellation 2022/23:137 om hemliga tvångsmedel och integritet · 7 February 2023

    • Argues that crime must be combated but questions whether secret surveillance is the best way. Expresses concern that successive steps towards a surveillance society risk undermining citizens' trust and challenging human rights. Read the speech
    • Argues that there must be limits to the powers of law enforcement agencies. Expresses concern for legal certainty and privacy violations regarding secret coercive measures and demands that the police use existing resources effectively instead of leaning on the need for more secret coercive measures. Read the speech
    • Argues that publicity and secrecy must be handled more intelligently. Argues that crime is due to structural problems such as privatizations and lack of welfare, and instead wants to build a just society based on safety and trust. Read the speech
  98. Justice system: crime fighting, police and prevention debate

    Rättsväsendet · 17 December 2022

    • Argues that crime and violence are primarily influenced by class and gender. Wants to counter the class society through a strong welfare sector and advocates for preventive measures rather than solely stricter punishments. Criticizes visitation zones as counterproductive and demands competence development to handle men's violence against women. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that the Tidö Agreement does not clearly address men's violence against women or patriarchal structures of violence. Argues that damages, restraining orders, sharing of information, and ankle bracelets are important measures for all crime victims and advocates for controlling behavior to be criminalized. Read the speech
    • Criticizes that the proposals focus solely on repressive measures and argues that stricter punishments do not limit destructive masculinity in the long run. Suggests that ways must be found to limit this masculinity and gain insights into the mechanisms of violence. Read the speech
    • Expresses concern regarding the welfare sector's role in crime prevention work. Argues that crime victims prioritize restitution and a constructive response over harsher punishments. Asks for evaluations of the police's previous resource reinforcements. Read the speech
    • Argues that crime victims do not always want harsher sentences but seek redress. Proposes a crime victim ombudsman as well as a femicide package with competence development for the entire justice chain. Read the speech
  99. Budget priorities: tax cuts, defense and social issues

    Frågestund · 17 November 2022

    • Asks if the Minister for Justice wants to strengthen the work against men's violence against women. Points out that violence against women is only mentioned once in the Covenant of the Palace but nine times in the budget for the justice system. Read the speech
  100. Faster prosecution of crimes: summary orders and service of process

    Snabbare lagföring av brott · 17 November 2022

    • Welcomes the proposals for faster prosecution to improve the quality of criminal investigations. However, criticizes that the reform risks leading to higher fines and conflicts with the principle of equal treatment. Read the speech
  101. Crime, infrastructure, economy, housing and climate debate

    Allmänpolitisk debatt · 19 October 2022

    • Criticizes the castle agreement for its authoritarian politics and lack of focus on violence against women. Argues that crime and violence against women are due to inequality and patriarchal values, and advocates for a policy that reduces class gaps and strengthens the welfare state. Read the speech

Source: The Swedish Parliament. Kammarkoll is an independent service.